The Civil War may have resulted in the abolition of legal slavery but it did not create a world of respect and equality among the races. By the last years of the 19th century legal separation of the races (segregation) became the practice in much of the country, including wide areas outside the area which attempted to secede from the Union in 1860. Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court Case which declared segregation to be Constitutional.
- Note that the reading from the text has two distinct parts. In the first, the majority opinion of the court is given, and it was this which established the context for determining the constitutionality of segregation laws for the next fifty years and more.
- The second part, the dissent by Justice John Marshall Harlan, bore no force of law at the time it was written. Make sure you keep these two parts of the text separate in your own mind.
In Plessy v. Ferguson, Justice Harlan responds directly to a number of the assertions made by Justice Brown. You might to this by a color marking system, or just refer to previous sticky notes. As you mark the document up, try to relate the arguments and counter-arguments to each other.
Pay some particular consideration to the way Harlan responds to this assertion in the majority opinion, “We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.”(p. 7). Find the Harlan Response to this and make sure it is easy to find when we have occasion to refer to it in class. We’ll consider it in detail . Which argument do you find more convincing, and why? Write some reflections about this in your journal